Tirzepatide is a first-in-class dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, designed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. By leveraging the complementary effects of GIP and GLP-1 receptor activation, tirzepatide enhances insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon production, delays gastric emptying, and promotes weight loss.

Clinical trials, such as the SURPASS and SURMOUNT programs, have demonstrated superior glycemic control and significant reductions in body weight compared to traditional GLP-1 receptor agonists and insulin therapy. Tirzepatide has shown efficacy in reducing HbA1c levels by up to 2.5% and achieving weight loss exceeding 20% in some patients. Its dual action offers a novel therapeutic advantage, addressing both hyperglycemia and obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.

Given the increasing prevalence of T2DM and obesity, tirzepatide presents a promising treatment option, particularly for patients requiring aggressive glycemic and weight management. Ongoing research continues to explore its broader applications, including cardiovascular and renal benefits.